[ecrea] new edition of World of Media-2016 (open access)

We are glad to present you the World of Media-2016. You can find the new 
volume on our website http://worldofmedia.ru/volumes/2016/.

This year we  decided to include some new sections in the journal so the 
content become more varied. Many thanks for all our authors and 
reviewers you do a great job to research the world of media.

We are also waiting for your submissions. All necessary information you
can find here http://worldofmedia.ru/authors/

If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact us.

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Ivan Aslanov,
World of Media
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(worldofmedia /at/ mail.ru)

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 World of Media-2016. Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies

The issue was published in 2016 by the Non-Commercial Partnership 
“National Association of Mass Media Researchers” in cooperation with the 
Faculty of Journalism, Lomonosov Moscow State University.

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EDITOR’S NOTE

LEAD ARTICLE

Svitich, L., Smirnova, O. Shiriaeva, A. Shkondin, M. (2016) 
Characteristics of the Content of Russian Local Newspapers (Sociological 
Study). World of Media. Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, 
13-60.

This article presents the results of content analysis of newspapers in 
small and medium-sized Russian towns. The study focuses on themes, 
problems in publication, and communicative characteristics of content: 
subjects and objects of publications, subjects of opinions, used data 
sources, genres, headlines and illustrations as ways to attract readers’ 
attention. The results obtained are compared to the findings of the 
earlier opinion survey of editors involved in the respective aspects of 
editorial activities. The analysis showed that the thematic and genre 
diversity of periodicals is rather wide and corresponds to their 
functional specifics. But the editors’ vision of the desired content 
model is not implemented in full, and this is mainly connected to the 
economic conditions of editorial offices, limited human resources, and 
lack of employee professionalism.

Key words: local press, media space, thematic model, communicative 
characteristics of media content, newspapers’ genres.

ARTICLES

Dovbysh, O. (2016) State Informational Contracts as a Mechanism of 
Control of Regional Media Markets in Russia. World of Media. Journal of 
Russian Media and Journalism Studies, 63-86.

Previous studies have illustrated that ownership of media capital is an 
important way of controlling media companies in developed countries 
(Garnham, 1992). However, we suggest that in developing countries, there 
are other forms of control over the media market. This research analyses 
the parallel financing models of media in Russian regional media 
markets. State informational contracts are the main tool of this 
alternative financing. These practices of state contracts are fully 
embedded into Russian regional market structure and are accepted by 
almost all media companies, both private and public. The 1846 samples of 
contracts collected from four Russian regions of a total sum of over 5,5 
billion Russian rubles demonstrates the existence of parallel 
informational contract markets. This market co-exists with an 
advertising-based market. Using the mechanism of parallel financing, 
local authorities establish loyal relationships with media companies. We 
conclude that these financing models enable authorities to control the 
media market indirectly through financial tools and informal relations, 
rather than through participation in media capital.

Key words: regions, media market, state control, state contracts, 
financing models of media.

Moretti, A. (2016) Coverage of India on the ABC, CBS and NBC Evening 
News Programs, 1969–2000. World of Media. Journal of Russian Media and 
Journalism Studies, 87-118.

This paper examines the coverage afforded India between 1969 and 2000 on 
the U.S. evening news programs disseminated by ABC, CBS, and NBC. These 
years were selected because they allowed for an analysis of network 
television coverage spanning the final six administrations that served 
the United States through the end of the twentieth and the beginning of 
the twenty-first century. Four of those administrations were led by 
Republicans (Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan and George Bush), 
and the other two were led by Democrats (Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton). 
Some presidents (Carter, Reagan, Clinton) enjoyed good relations with 
the Indian government, while others (Nixon, Ford, Bush) often were 
frustrated in their dealings with the Indian leadership. The analysis 
shows that a strong majority of stories suggested India was either not 
safe or not stable; thus, bad news dominated, regardless of whether the 
U.S. administration had favorable or unfavorable relations with its 
Indian counterpart.

Key words: India, U.S. television news, international news coverage.

Olivier, A. (2016) Lobbying for Social Change: A Challenge. World of 
Media. Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, 119-146.

One of the questions raised by lobbying campaigns made by citizen-driven 
organizations and civil society (above NGOs) is the possibility of 
evaluating efficiency. Researches on NGOs (Scholte, 2009; Reitig, 2011; 
Betsill & Corell, 2001) underline the lack of efficient strategies that 
are able to lobby the policy makers. In this paper, we examine methods 
of lobbying and procedures of communication used for lobbying and we 
propose indicators to evaluate actions able to define the efficiency of 
NGO campaigns. Our methodology is based on literary review, and moreover 
on cooperation with citizen-driven organizations. This cooperation gives 
us access to events, campaign meetings, communication material, etc. 
Interviews with policy officers and officials of the European 
institutions in Brussels complete the methodology. With three campaigns 
of citizen-driven organizations, the aim is to identify success and 
failure in their strategies. Our research reveals three different results:

    Lobbying, at least at the EU or UN level, should rely on the 
complete set of communication tools and channels able to reach different 
types of publics in order to raise or maintain awareness, and finally 
convince decision makers to vote for a law (national level) or a 
resolution (UN level).
    While discovering social media, NGOs would have better results if 
they followed the trends issued by private companies to promote their 
products: consideration and dialogue, both with policy makers and their 
public.
    The proliferation of tools and channels available for delivering 
messages can deliver several “incoherent messages,” i.e. messages more 
or less adapted to the specificity of each channel and to each public. 
In return, this creates an imprecise communication not in favour of the NGO.

Key words: influence, lobbying, social change, NGO, efficiency.

Kazakov, A., Shestov, B. (2016) Cognitive Potential of Framing and 
Attribute Agenda-setting Theories (Exemplified by “Novaya Gazeta” and 
“The New York Times” Coverage of the Conflict in Southeast Ukraine). 
World of Media. Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, 147-166.

Peculiarities of “Novaya Gazeta” and “The New York Times” coverage of 
the conflict in southeast Ukraine are considered in this article. 
Framing theory as well as attribute agenda-setting theory has become the 
methodological basis for the research; 98 articles from these newspapers 
published between March 16 and April 15 form its empirical basis. The 
temporal distribution of the articles devoted to the events in Russia’s 
neighboring country is analyzed; the thematic focuses of the 
publications are compared; frames and sources of citations in the two 
newspapers are juxtaposed. Having divided all the stories into several 
content blocks, the authors pay special attention to the most popular of 
them. The conclusion is made that newspapers’ ways of covering the 
events in the neighboring country are rather similar. Moreover, 
sometimes – especially when journalists assessed Russia’s role in the 
crisis – “Novaya Gazeta” was even more critical of the Kremlin than “The 
New York Times”.

Key words: framing, attribute agenda, “Novaya Gazeta”, “The New York 
Times”, Ukraine.

Teplyashina, A., Pavlushkina, N. (2016) The Transformation of Popular 
Science Journalism World of Media. Journal of Russian Media and 
Journalism Studies, 167-190.

The paper examines deontological values of popular science journalism. 
It investigates the reasons for their deformation in response to the 
commercialization of journalism. Commercial bias affects the conceptual 
framework of content and reveals itself in the large proportion of 
purely entertaining material and sensationalism. Topics selected for key 
stories mostly focus on tourist hotspots attracting international 
visitors. This paper aims to show how the transformation of 
deontological values entailed the conceptual transformation of a popular 
science magazine. The study draws on the data obtained from several 
similar periodicals. Not only does mass media satisfy the need for 
information shaped by a person’s outlook, it also forms their outlook. A 
magazine containing articles about theoretical or pilot studies in a 
particular field of science, culture, or practical activities serves to 
disseminate knowledge and encourages self-education. The formation of 
popular journalism deontology involves methodological, cultural and 
typological aspects.

Key words: deontological values, popular science journalism, 
commercialization of journalism, travel journalism, innovation journalism.

Khroul, V. (2016). Russian Media in Teleological Perspective as a 
Methodological Challenge: Reconstructing Goals for Understanding 
Effects. World of Media. Journal of Russian Media and Journalism 
Studies, 191-206.

The media effects studies are more precise in a teleological perspective 
implying that the effects are analyzed in terms of goals. The 
teleological approach to journalism must be based on an analysis of the 
transparency and regularity of the goal formation process, the level of 
consistency and hierarchicality of goals and their compliance with the 
social mission of the media. The author considers it useful to engage in 
an interdisciplinary cooperation in the area of teleological studies of 
journalism and mass media with sociologists, linguists and psychologists.

Key words: journalism, goals, teleological model, social mission, intent 
analysis.

CONTEMPORARY DEBATE

Dzyaloshinsky, I., Dzyaloshinskaya, M. (2016) Participation of the 
Public in Social Development: the Role of Media. World of Media. Journal 
of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, 209-233.

The authors of this paper elaborate on the idea that in the modern 
postindustrial information society, social development is closely 
connected with the process of communication enhancement. That is to say 
that the transfer from monologue to dialogue and from isolated 
communication channels to integrated ones in the field of communications 
predefines an inevitable activation of citizen participation in shaping 
the direction and means of social development. The authors consider the 
transfer from media support to media collaboration to be a new motion 
vector to the organization of public participation in social 
development. This paper states that an open and effective dialogue is a 
sign of conscious and actively realizable media collaboration.

Key words: media support, media collaboration, humanistic approach, 
dialogue.

REVIEW

Demina, I., Shkondin, M. (2016) Media System Aspects of Synergy Analysis 
(Review of the Book “Media System of Russia”). World of Media. Journal 
of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, 237-244.

CONFERENCE REPORT

Gladkova, A. Report on the Annual Conference of the International Media 
Management Academic Association (IMMAA) in 2015. World of Media. Journal 
of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, 247-249.

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